Reads each edition in 2009 ten big educational news, more than 50% concern with the college entrance examination. College entrance examination, since Chinese education most receives a link which pays attention, is the Chinese education biggest infection. In folk from all walks of life reforms the formula to the college entrance examination in the upsurge, takes Beijing University Law school to open thousand sail professors as head\’s law circle public figure, other day has also promoted "University Enrollment examination system Reform Letter of proposal". The letter of proposal includes a set of detailed college entrance examination reform program, tries hard inclined proportion which breaks China various in the provinces to exist, initiates to Shandong, Henan and other population big province equality the enrollment power, to western remote border provinces examinee more inclines.
This needle stone, has knocked one of for many years college entrance examination\’s one\’s secret worries, but the college entrance examination has been tied up in the intriguing all benefits, as if cannot move, how will this plan find a breach change present situation? Chinese Youth Daily reporter interview thousand sail professor.
Lacking citizen to participate, the college entrance examination reforms bogs down inevitably
Chinese Youth Daily: As the law circle public figure, you and your colleague are the education outsider, why reforms the vision focusing college entrance examination? Wants to achieve the activation existing test reform idea the effect?
Opens thousand sails: Since long, the college entrance examination reforms as if educates the circle internal question. Certainly, rules a nation from expert the angle looked that the college entrance examination reforms truly should listen to educates the expert opinion. But not only the college entrance examination reforms the educational expert issue of concern, but is all the people cared about, involved each family benefit the question, must therefore possibly makes the substantial progress under the whole society participation and supervision; Otherwise, the college entrance examination reforms to change to change, definitely will appear bogs down even backed up the phenomenon.
You may say that the health insurance question is the health expert\’s special skill, but healthcare system reform meets entire people\’s needs radically, if lacks the effective citizen participation, I looked that final appearing the medicine changes the plan very inaccessibility this goal. The college entrance examination and educational reform are also same, not only expert question, thus should not only decide by the educational expert. Because lacks the effective citizen participation, recent years\’s educational reform not only has not obtained the prospective goal, instead even more is partial to big city and other vested interest communities. This indicated that but closed to carry on the college entrance examination reform in the circle is insufficient, such reform could not meet the Chinese social development needs.
The law circle public figure formerly too did not take this question, but this mechanism had problems, the best talented person could not enter the best university, this means that Chinese educational resources disposition presented the serious fault, not only delayed the personnel training of country, moreover related to citizen\’s long-term development of basic right and country. I hope that from now on has more law circle public figures to care about higher education\’s opportunity equal problem. Our topic-based groups are very naturally arrive at the same place, because constitution 33rd had stipulated citizen in front of law all equal, the constitution scholar naturally very much cares about citizen\’s equal power, in Sun Zhigang case, abolishes accepts the old measure, the household register reform, the hepatitis B rights protection and so on a series of events to advocate cancels the discrimination of all forms, the university recruitment of students and examination system is only in numerous discrimination.
Shandong Henan and other agricultural big province examinee cardinal numbers are big, actually becomes the Beijing-Shanghai University recruitment of students the discrimination object
Chinese Youth Daily: Promotes in you "University Enrollment examination system Reform Investigation report" criticizes the present college entrance examination system to violate the constitutional principle very incisively, forfeits equal opportunity. And gives an example, in 2009, the Beijing University to every ten thousand examinee the recruitment of students target which will put in Tianjin is 10 people, will put in the target in Shanghai is 4.8 people, but will put in Shandong and Henan the target actually only then 1 person, the target which will put in Guangdong and Anhui is less than 0.7 person, will cause the different provinces and cities\’ unit recruitment of students target to differ several times of even several times. In the same year Fudan University to every ten thousand examinee the target which puts in Zhejiang is 5.2 people, puts in the target in Beijing is 4.2 people, but puts to Henan and Inner Mongolia the target only slightly over 0.4, the different provinces and cities\’ unit recruitment of students target similar phase difference is huge. The report pointed out that so remarkable discrimination has not only encroached upon the different provinces and cities examinee\’s equal enrollment opportunity, moreover causes the recruitment of students target the region assignment to take to bring with the artificial complexity and huge haphazardness, has provided the hotbed for the university recruitment of students corruption and backstage deal, and coming into the open has established layer on layer barrier to the recruitment of students process\’s government by law. Is this discrimination question which was you said?
Opens thousand sails: The Chinese Society has formed an erroneous zone or blind spot, that is the whole society is paying attention to the college entrance examination, actually cannot look at the universal serious recruitment of students discrimination. What the general examinees most cared whether to obtain the enrollment, but the enrollment opportunity first is decided by the recruitment of students system; If discriminates against the examinee in different region on the recruitment of students link, then takes a test to design again reasonably also uselessly. In fact, recruitment of students discrimination\’s foundation reforms the college entrance examination system to be very difficult in to obtain the actual effect; Also stems from this reason, we past 10-20 years college entrance examination reform result was limited. Such as Shandong, Henan and other agricultural proportion big province examinee cardinal numbers are also quite big, thus often becomes Beijing, Shanghai and other places the university recruitment of students discrimination object, agricultural province primarily obtained the recruitment of students target to be lower than its examinee quantity to account for the national total quantity the proportion. The rural area elementary education is not in addition developed, the rural examinee was in the inferiority in front of the college entrance examination.
The higher education opportunity is the most important public resource, should defer to the opportunity equal rule to assign fairly to all citizens, but should not and so on non-correlated factor receives to discriminate because of the household register. However, the subordinate personnels\’ minute province recruitment of students target system gives the special accommodation to the local examinee, discriminated against the outside areas examinee to accept higher education\’s equal rights seriously, obviously violated the constitutional stipulation the educational opportunity equal rule. It is well known, the Beijing University is not Beijing\’s Beijing University, but is China\’s Beijing University, but the Beijing examinees were admitted to Beijing University\’s opportunity actually to compared to the Shandong, Henan and other province in the examinees be higher than dozens times of even over a hundred times; But Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Wuhan and other place the recruitment of students localizations are even more serious than the Beijing University, such as second dawn, Zhejiang University, Wuhai University, Southern University and other national key supports 985 universities enroll in this locality the examinee achieves the recruitment of students total quantity 30-40%, some even reach as high as 50%.
We believe that the college entrance examination reforms must first square the goal, this goal is the recruitment of students is fair. From examinee in land, no matter the household register where, must obtain the equal the enrollment opportunity; Who can be admitted to Qinghua and Beijing University, must depend on own truly learned and genuinely talented, but is not the parental household register locus and so on non-correlated factor. This foremost goal must determine that then can consider anything is most suits this goal the college entrance examination system; Otherwise, college entrance examination reform itself has lost the direction. Actually under the recruitment of students standard equality\’s big frame, design of the examination system greatly has the space, but is not all test patterns meets the constitutional requirement, for example various present provinces independent proposition pattern does not meet the requirement, because various provinces examination paper different, result may not compared, university faced with different provinces and cities\’ examinee not unified measurables, how the recruitment of students equality does realize? Recruitment of students equality\’s premise is nation must have unified evaluation criteria, therefore the college entrance examination must the nation be unified; But how college entrance examination to test and may test several second-rate technical questions under this premise, may leave the education and test expert designs.
This is we proposed the basic position, our basic purposes must guarantee that throughout the land examinees\’ equal enrollment opportunity, breaks discriminates against the outside areas examinee\’s recruitment of students indicator system. Based on this, we have choices to the test pattern, but the educationist has the right to speak to this question, our primary missions are to emphasize the constitution equal rule as well as it in recruitment of students examination process being suitable. We believe that the recruitment of students reformed for college entrance examination fairly has established the elementary object and agent, any recruitment of students test reform cannot break through the fair agent.
Neglects the rural student\’s rise channel, will cause Chinese University to lose all-around the field of vision to the country in the future
Chinese Youth Daily: This plan by enormous has looked after the rural student\’s rise channel question warmly, under the present city and countryside binary system premise, many educational circles insiders thinks that the educational problem is the social concern, the entire society does not change, the education is unable to rescue all living things, did you look?
Opens thousand sails: We care about examination standard unification certainly very much to the tangible impact of rural examinee, because they receive the elementary education itself does not have the urban students to be good, therefore the principle goes to college the recruitment of students enrollment should even more to look after them to be right. Some people think that the standard unification is instead more disadvantageous to examinee in the remote border district, now has been looking after them, perhaps otherwise their could not enter Beijing University and Qinghua. This view has confused the heterogeneity question actually. We advocate the recruitment of students to be fair, is mainly aims at Beijing, Shanghai and other cities the big city, but is not the remote border district; These local elementary educations are weak, the university recruitment of students may incline suitably and attendance, for example the stipulation implements to these areas on the same scale recruits students, the university is not lower than the national average recruitment of students proportion in the recruitment of students in western provinces. The constitution equality is not absolute, does not forbid to correct an error to move this kind to have the warrant difference standard, but truly forbids not to have the warrant recruitment of students regional protectionism, thus cannot use to correct an error to move again to take the recruitment of students localization the shield.
Therefore, we advocated in fact is one dual recruitment of students system: Regarding 5 autonomous regions and Yunnan, Hainan, Qinghai, Gansu and other outlying provinces implement on the same scale recruit students, other over two-thirds provinces and cities implemented the unification admission criterion. This means that over 85% the national examinees will defer to the unified standards equal competition. I acknowledged the dual system, although has considered minority outlying province, is still unable to give appropriate consideration to the rural examinees in most provinces and cities, but such did to be able the recruitment of students target system which implements the present to be worse than? Does that let me ask one, what place present\’s recruitment of students system looks after to the rural examinee in? If you have a look at the Beijing, Shanghai and other good university\’s the recruitment of students targets, the local target proportion certainly is much higher, from does not need saying that but the good university most centralized provinces and cities are the big city are also centralized, rural proportion smallest place, this its one; Second, among the outside areas examinees, the different provinces and cities\’ treatment are is very different, these universities first look after the developed city, for example in 2009 will be among the best in Beijing University recruitment of students proportion has Tianjin and Shanghai, will be situated the front row to have Zhejiang and Beijing in Fudan University recruitment of students proportion; Third, what place do these good universities most discriminate (enroll threshold to be highest)? Exactly is Henan and Shandong these the agricultural population proportion highest place. Does such recruitment of students system possibly look after the rural examinee? How changes this system to be also disadvantageous to the rural examinee? If is also at present far to rural examinee gives any special accommodation, at least cannot discriminate against the agricultural region in the admission criterion.
As for the educational problem is social concern, this view no doubt is also good. Some people advocated that the region discrimination of present recruitment of students system on of basic will be the lateral economic ties creates, cancelled the lateral economic ties also to solve the recruitment of students discrimination, because examinee in Shandong and Henan may also run up to Beijing, Shanghai and other places to register, the regional elementary education levels also tend to be balanced. This view certainly also good, but the lateral economic ties involve urban population and living environment and elementary education and social welfare carrying capacity, road traffic capacity and other aspects, cancels easier said than done? Now the household register reforms of regional implementations, in fact are only restricted in the status symbol change, does not have too many city and countryside welfare equality substantive content. Must wait to cancel the household register to reform the enrollment examination system, can that wait till lord knows when? How many personnel trainings can also cause delay, to harm how many examinees\’ equal opportunities? This view has underestimated educational reform to the social reform function, but the educational opportunity is not equal, particularly the rural student cannot change itself through the equal college entrance examination and family destiny, intensifies the society inevitably seriously is not equal. The enrollment examination system is only a social inequality link, the educational reform definitely may be before the household register reforms and leads the entire social reform, but cannot wait the socialist system. (This article originates: Chinese Youth Daily author: Stops up strength)